Casi 5 millones de parados para «celebrar» el 1º de mayo

7 minutos de lectura

Tomás J. López, Arrecife de Lanzarote

29 de abril, ayer viernes. La Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) revela un nuevo récord histórico en el número de desempleados en el Estado, con 4.910.200 parados, lo que supone un 21,29% de la población activa . Casi la mitad de los jóvenes no tienen trabajo. Crece el empleo a tiempo parcial pero desciende tres veces y media más el empleo a tiempo completo. 1,38 millones de hogares tienen a todos sus miembros en paro. La tasa de desempleo española (21,29%) triplica a la alemana (7,1 %).

1 de mayo, mañana domingo. Día internacional de los Trabajadores, festividad por antonomasia del movimiento obrero a nivel mundial desde su institucionalización por parte de la Segunda Internacional. Se conmemora el aniversario de la revuelta de Hymarket, en Chicago, movimiento que reivindicó la jornada laboral de 8 horas en 1886 . Tradicionalmente ha sido un día para el recuerdo de siglos de lucha en favor de los derechos de los trabajadores.

El destino ha querido que ambos acontecimientos se solapen prácticamente en el tiempo produciéndose una paradoja: el día de los Trabajadores con más desempleados en los tiempos de mayor desmovilización de la clase trabajadora.

El gobierno español sostiene que el desempleo ha tocado techo con esta cifra y evita relacionarla con la reforma laboral, aprobada gracias a los votos favorables del PSOE y la abstención del PP, CiU, Coalición Canaria, UPN y UPyD. Sólo la izquierda parlamentaria (ERC, IU-Iniciativa per Catalunya, BNG y NaBai) votó en su día contra una ley que entró en vigor en septiembre de 2010 y que suponía, para sus críticos, el abaratamiento de los despidos. La patronal consideró la reforma «un buen punto de partida pero aun insuficiente», mientras el gobierno hablaba de una «flexibilidad que permitiría la colocación de personas desempleadas». Desde su aprobación se han encadenado casi 7 meses seguidos de destrucción de empleo, a excepción del breve y leve respiro navideño del mes de diciembre. Hoy hay 900.000 desempleados más que al ponerse en marcha la reforma.

La reforma laboral motivó la huelga general del pasado 27 de septiembre. Más allá de las cifras aportadas por sindicatos y patronal, el consumo eléctrico, considerado un elemento fiable para medir el seguimiento de un paro laboral, descendió un 14% menos que en la huelga general de 2002, durante la presidencia de José María Aznar. En el ámbito de las percepciones, el 70,5% de los ciudadanos consideraron que la huelga había sigo un fracaso, según la encuesta del CIS de octubre de 2010.

Los expertos hablan de diversas razones que explicarían esta desmotivación. Entre ellos, la falta de simpatía que generan los sindicatos. Según una encuesta del CIS de 2010 el 21,4% de los ciudadanos no muestran ninguna simpatía por estas organizaciones, y el 14% poca, siendo mucho menos valoradas que feministas, pacifistas, antiglobalización o movimientos de gays y lesbianas. También coinciden los analistas en que la crisis económica ha hecho florecer una serie de sentimientos que invitan al inmovilismo, entre ellos la resignación y el miedo, fundamentalmente a la pérdida del puesto de trabajo. Finalmente, se ha mostrado determinante la postura de los medios de comunicación de masas. En el caso de la huelga del 27 de septiembre infinidad de cadenas de televisión y radio y muchos de los diarios dieron una imagen sensacionalista, insistiendo en mostrar los piquetes violentos como si fuesen hechos generalizados, lo cual produjo el rechazo de una gran masa social. Además se enfatizó en la polémica entre el derecho al trabajo y el derecho a la huelga, así como en la inoportunidad del paro obrero debido a la situación económica de crisis.

Primero de mayo en Lanzarote: UGT y CC.OO. jugarán al fútbol

La desmovilización obrera es también patente en el ámbito insular. En cualquier caso, las cifras de la última EPA son positivas para Canarias, una de las tres únicas autonomías en las que ha descendido el número de desempleados. Este hecho tiene su origen en el repunte del turismo, principal  motor económico del archipiélago, motivado por los sucesos del norte de África y por el crecimiento experimentado por los países emisores de turistas, entre los que destaca el mercado alemán.

En cualquier caso, la tasa de desempleo ronda el 30% en Canarias y lo supera en Lanzarote. Sin embargo, la actividad reivindicativa para este 1º de mayo será prácticamente nula en la isla. Lanzarote, junto con La Gomera, son las únicas islas del archipiélago en que los sindicatos UGT y CC.OO. no han convocado concentraciones. En su lugar, los dos sindicatos estatales han programado un partido de fútbol que enfrentará a equipos representativos de ambas centrales y que se jugará este domingo a las 10:30 de la mañana en el campo de fútbol de Yaiza.

Por su parte, Intersindical Canaria ha convocado un acto reivindicativo único para los dos islas orientales -Lanzarote y Fuerteventura- que tendrá lugar el domingo a las 12:00 del mediodía en Puerto del Rosario.

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